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  The Spread of Islam Throughout the World - Google Books

  https://books.google.de/books?id=qVYT4Kraym0C

  Islamic culture, which is still vigorous in spite of its great antiquity, set out to develop side by side a vision of the individual and of the universe, a philosophy and an art of living that can be seen in the impressive remains of its heritage that is…

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  Category:Umayyads – Wikimedia Commons

  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Umayyads?uselang=de

  Keine Beschreibung vorhanden.

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  The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought - Google Books

  https://books.google.de/books?id=q1I0pcrFFSUC&pg=PA458

  The first encyclopedia of Islamic political thought from the birth of Islam to today, this comprehensive, authoritative, and accessible reference provides the context needed for understanding contemporary politics in the Islamic world and beyond. With more…

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